Hypertension-MOA

Question 1 of 31

1. Question

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of candesartan?

Candesartan prevents angiotensin II from binding to the receptor thereby blocking the vasoconstriction and the aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II.
Candesartan prevents angiotensin I from binding to the receptor thereby blocking the vasoconstriction and the aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin I.
Candesartan binds to the receptor thereby activating the vasoconstriction and the aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II.
Candesartan binds to the receptor thereby activating the vasodilation and the aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II.

Question 2 of 31

2. Question

Which of the following describes the best mechanism of action of Irbesartan?

Irbesartan is a direct renin inhibitor
Irbesartan prevents angiotensin II from binding to the receptor thereby blocking the vasoconstriction and the aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II.
Irbesartan prevents angiotensin I from binding to the receptor thereby blocking the vasoconstriction and the aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin I.
Irbesartan prevents angiotensin II from binding to the receptor thereby blocking the vasodilation and the aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II.

Question 3 of 31

3. Question

What is the mechanism of action of Losartan?

Losartan is a nonselective and competitive, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II
Losartan is a selective and noncompetitive, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II
Losartan is a selective and competitive, nonpeptide angiotensin I receptor antagonist, losartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin I
Losartan is a selective and competitive, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II

Question 4 of 31

4. Question

Which of these best defines the mechanism of action of olmesartan?

a nonselective and competitive, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II
a selective and competitive, peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin I
A selective and competitive, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II
a selective and competitive, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin I

Question 5 of 31

5. Question

What is the mechanism of action of Valsartan?

It displaces angiotensin I from the AT1 receptor and produces its blood pressure-lowering effects by antagonizing AT1-induced vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, catecholamine release, arginine vasopressin release, water intake, and hypertrophic responses.
It displaces angiotensin II from the AT1 receptor and produces its blood pressure-lowering effects by antagonizing AT2-induced vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, catecholamine release, arginine vasopressin release, water intake, and hypertrophic responses.
It displaces angiotensin II from the AT1 receptor and produces its blood pressure-lowering effects by antagonizing AT1-induced vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, catecholamine release, arginine vasopressin release, water intake, and hypertrophic responses.
prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Question 6 of 31

6. Question

What is the mechanism of action of carvedilol?

A nonselective beta-adrenoreceptor and alpha-adrenergic blocking activity.
A selective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking activity.
A selective alpha-adrenergic blocking activity.
A selective beta-adrenoreceptor and alpha-adrenergic blocking activity.

Question 7 of 31

7. Question

What is the mechanism of action of Labetalol?

Blocks beta1-, and beta2-adrenergic receptor sites.
Blocks alpha1-, beta1-, and beta2-adrenergic receptor sites.
Blocks alpha1-, and beta2-adrenergic receptor sites
Blocks alpha1-, and beta1-adrenergic receptor sites

Question 8 of 31

8. Question

Which if the following defines the mechanism of action of Atenolol?

Competitively blocks response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, selectively blocks beta1-receptors with little or no effect on beta2-receptors except at high doses
selectively blocks alpha, and beta1-receptors with little or no effect on beta2-receptors except at high doses
Competitively blocks response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, blocks beta1 and 2-receptors
Competitively blocks response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, selectively blocks beta2-receptors with little or no effect on beta 1 receptors except at high doses

Question 9 of 31

9. Question

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of Bisoprolol?

Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors; competitively blocks beta1-receptors, with little or no effect on beta2-receptors at doses ≤20 mg
Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors; competitively blocks beta1-receptors, with little or no effect on beta2-receptors at doses ≤40 mg
nonselective inhibitor of beta-adrenergic receptors
Selective inhibitor of beta2-adrenergic receptors; competitively blocks beta2-receptors, with little or no effect on beta1-receptors at doses ≤20 mg

Question 10 of 31

10. Question

What is the mechanism of action of metoprolol?

competitively blocks beta1-receptors, with little or no effect on beta2-receptors at oral doses <100 mg (in adults)
competitively blocks beta2-receptors, with little or no effect on beta1-receptors at oral doses <100 mg (in adults)
competitively blocks beta1 and beta2-receptors
competitively blocks alpha, beta1 and beta2-receptors

Question 11 of 31

11. Question

What is the mechanism of action of Nebivolol?

competitively blocks beta1 and beta2-receptors
Highly-selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors
competitively blocks alpha, beta1 and beta2-receptors
Highly-selective inhibitor of beta2-adrenergic receptors

Question 12 of 31

12. Question

Which if the following best describes the mechanism of action of Propranolol?

competitively blocks response to beta1- and beta2-adrenergic stimulation which results in decreases in heart rate, myocardial contractility, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand.
competitively blocks response to beta1-adrenergic stimulation which results in decreases in heart rate, myocardial contractility, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand.
competitively blocks response to beta2-adrenergic stimulation which results in decreases in heart rate, myocardial contractility, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand.
activates response to beta1- and beta2-adrenergic stimulation which results in decreases in heart rate, myocardial contractility, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand.

Question 13 of 31

13. Question

Which of these best defines the mechanism of action of verapamil?

Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization; produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation; increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina; slows automaticity and conduction of AV node.
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during polarization; produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation; increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina; slows automaticity and conduction of AV node.
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of endothelial smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization; produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation; increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina; slows automaticity and conduction of AV node.
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of endothelial smooth muscle and myocardium during polarization; produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation; increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina; slows automaticity and conduction of AV node.

Question 14 of 31

14. Question

What is the mechanism of action of diltiazem?

Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during polarization; produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation; increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina.
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization; produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation; increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina.
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of endothelial muscle and myocardium during depolarization; produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation; increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina.
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of endothelial muscle and myocardium during polarization; produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation; increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina.

Question 15 of 31

15. Question

What is the mechanism of action of hydralazine?

Direct vasodilation of veins (with little effect on arterioles) with decreased systemic resistance. Although exact mechanism unknown, venous vasodilation may occur via inhibition of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and inhibition of myosin phosphorylation in veinal smooth muscle cells
Direct vasodilation of arterioles (with little effect on veins) with decreased systemic resistance. Although exact mechanism unknown, arterial vasodilation may occur via inhibition of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and inhibition of myosin phosphorylation in arterial smooth muscle cells
Direct vasoconstriction of arterioles (with little effect on veins) with decreased systemic resistance. Although exact mechanism unknown, arterial vasoconstriction may occur via inhibition of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and inhibition of myosin phosphorylation in arterial smooth muscle cells
Direct vasoconstriction of veins (with little effect on arterioles) with decreased systemic resistance. Although exact mechanism unknown, veinal vasoconstriction may occur via inhibition of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and inhibition of myosin phosphorylation in veinal smooth muscle cells

Question 16 of 31

16. Question

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of Lisinopril?

Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme which prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization.
Competes with aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal renal tubules, increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions
Sulfonamide-derived diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 17 of 31

17. Question

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of Benazepril?

Sulfonamide-derived diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
Competes with aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal renal tubules, increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization.
Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme which prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Question 18 of 31

18. Question

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of Enalapril?

Inhibition of reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and proximal and distal renal tubules
Competes with aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal renal tubules, increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization.
Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme which prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Question 19 of 31

19. Question

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of Fosinopril?

Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme which prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Inhibition of calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization
Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions
Inhibition of reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and proximal and distal renal tubules.

Question 20 of 31

20. Question

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of Quinapril?

Inhibition of reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and proximal and distal renal tubules
Sulfonamide-derived diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme which prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Inhibition of calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization

Question 21 of 31

21. Question

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of Ramipril?

Competes with aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal renal tubules, increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions
Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme which prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Sulfonamide-derived diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization

Question 22 of 31

22. Question

Which of the following adequately describes the mechanism of action of Spironolactone?

Competition with aldosterone for receptor sites in the collecting ducts, thus increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions
Competition with aldosterone for receptor sites in the loop of Henle, thus increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions.
Competition with aldosterone for receptor sites in the proximal renal tubules, thus increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions
Competition with aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal renal tubules, thus increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions

Question 23 of 31

23. Question

Which of the following adequately describes the mechanism of action of Hydrochlorothiazide?

Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions.
Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the collecting ducts causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions.
Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions.
Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions.

Question 24 of 31

24. Question

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of Chlorthalidone?

Sulfonamide-derived diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the collecting ducts
Sulfonamide-derived diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle
Sulfonamide-derived diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
Sulfonamide-derived diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the proximal tubule

Question 25 of 31

25. Question

Which of the following adequately describes the mechanism of action of Furosemide?

Inhibition of reabsorption of potassium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and proximal and distal renal tubules
Inhibition of reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and proximal and distal renal tubules
Inhibition of reabsorption of magnesium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and proximal and distal renal tubules
Inhibition of reabsorption of hydrogen and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and proximal and distal renal tubules

Question 26 of 31

26. Question

Which of the following adequately describes the mechanism of action of Triamterene/Hydrochlorothiazide?

Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules and blockage of epithelial sodium channels in the late proximal tubule and collecting ducts
Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules and blockage of epithelial sodium channels in the late distal tubule and collecting ducts.
Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubules and blockage of epithelial sodium channels in the late proximal tubule and collecting ducts.
Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle and blockage of epithelial sodium channels in the late distal tubule and collecting ducts

Question 27 of 31

27. Question

Which of the following adequately describes the mechanism of action of Nifedipine?

Inhibition of calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during hyperpolarization producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
Catalyzes calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during hyperpolarization producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
Inhibition of calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
Catalyzes calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation

Question 28 of 31

28. Question

Which of the following adequately describes the mechanism of action of Felodipine?

Inhibition of calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
Inhibition of calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during hyperpolarization producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
Catalyzes calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
Catalyzes calcium ion into entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation

Question 29 of 31

29. Question

Which of the following adequately describes the mechanism of action of ophthalmic brimonidine?

Fluorinated prostaglandin F2-alpha analog believed to reduce intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor via the uveoscleral pathway
Alpha1-specific blocking agent with minimal alpha2 effects
Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors
A relatively selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist which causes reduction of aqueous humor formation and increased uveoscleral outflow

Question 30 of 31

30. Question

Which of the following adequately describes the mechanism of action of clonidine?

Stimulates alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the brain stem, thus activating an inhibitory neuron, resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow from the CNS, producing a decrease in peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure
Stimulates beta-2 adrenoceptors in the brain stem, thus activating an inhibitory neuron, resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow from the CNS, producing a decrease in peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure
Alpha1-specific blocking agent with minimal alpha-2 effects
Deactivates alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the brain stem, thus activating an inhibitory neuron, resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow from the CNS, producing a decrease in peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure

Question 31 of 31

31. Question

Which of the following adequately describes the mechanism of action of amlodipine?

Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization therefore producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
Catalyzes calcium ion into entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization, producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
A selective and competitive, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist which blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II
Prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that results in lower levels of angiotensin II which causes an increase in plasma renin activity and a reduction in aldosterone secretion

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